Optimization of a method for preparing solid complexes of essential clove oil with beta-cyclodextrins

Essential CO was successfully solubilized in aqueous solution by forming inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CDs). Moreover, phase solubility studies demonstrated that essential CO also forms insoluble complexes with beta-CDs. Based on these results, essential CO-beta-CD solid complexes were prepared by the novel approach of microwave irradiation (MWI) followed by three different drying methods: vacuum oven drying (VO), freeze drying (FD) or spray drying (SD). Quantification of the solid complexes formed pointed to the not involving heat, FD, as the best drying method, followed by VO and SD, which led to significantly lower amounts of encapsulated essential CO.Ciencias de la Alimentació

Lattice Gauge Field Interpolation for Chiral Gauge Theories

The importance of lattice gauge field interpolation for our recent non-perturbative formulation of chiral gauge theory is emphasized. We illustrate how the requisite properties are satisfied by our recent four-dimensional non-abelian interpolation scheme, by going through the simpler case of U(1) gauge fields in two dimensions.Comment: 3 pages. Based on talk presented at LATTICE96(Chiral Gauge

Producción y consumo de pan en Córdoba a fines de la Edad Media

Este trabajo pretende ser una aproximación más al conocimiento de un alimento fundamental en la dieta del hombre medieval -el pan- centrado en la ciudad de Córdoba durante el siglo XV. Analiza el proceso de producción del pan desde que el cereal llegaba a la ciudad hasta que, tras su molturación y cocción, era consumido bajo la forma de pan o de otros productos secundarios, describiendo detenidamente el funcionamiento de molinos y hornos. Se distingue entre el pan elaborado de manera profesional por parte de los panaderos y el de fabricación doméstica. Además se abordan los lugares, precios y condiciones de venta, así como las modalidades de pan existentes y su índice de consumo. Se incluye también un apéndice con la relación de hornos documentados en la ciudad entre 1460 y 1525.Focusing on the city of Córdoba in the XVth century, this essay aspires to be a further approximation to the knowledge of a fundamental food in the diet of medieval man -bread-o It analyses the production process of bread, from the cereal' s arrival in the city to its consumption, after molturation and baking, in the form of bread ot other secondary products, describing in detail the functioning of the mills and ovens. A distinction is made between bread that is manufactured on a professional basis by bakers, and that which is produced domestically. Further, the sites, prices and conditions of sale are dealt whith as well as the types of bread that exist and their rates of consumption. An appendix with a list of ovens documented in the city between 1460 and 1525 is also included

Referencia a las eximentes de estado de necesidad, ejercicio de un derecho, cumplimiento de un deber, en el ámbito familiar. Especial referencia al derecho de corrección

El ordenamiento jurídico establece mandatos o prohibiciones, pues su misión principal es la salvaguarda de bienes o intereses imprescindibles para el logro de una convivencia pacífica en la sociedad; ahora bien, quien quebranta un interés protegido por el Derecho para salvar otro de mayor importancia no puede actuar antijurídicamente. La unidad del ordenamiento jurídico está presente y es determinante para apreciar la existencia de una acción antijurídica: es impensable que por una parte una ley nos obligue a realizar algo, y por otra sea punible según el Derecho penal la realización de lo obligado. En determinadas situaciones el hecho de velar por la salud y la vida de un ascendiente o cónyuge y por la educación de los hijos puede hacer necesario tomar medidas que en principio son típicas. Sería incongruente que por un lado el Código Penal castigara con una pena el abandono del padre o de la madre, y por otro que cuando su salud requiere de un internamiento sin su consentimiento fuera constitutivo de un delito contra la libertad, o que el Código Civil obligue a educar a los hijos, y si se les castiga con no salir de su habitación fuera la conducta constitutiva, asimismo, de un delito de detención ilegal y se le pudiera imponer una pena de prisión de cuatro a seis años. Si la medida es necesaria, proporcional y adecuada al caso concreto, estaremos ante una conducta justificada.The law system establishes legal mandates or prohibitions , as its primary mission is to safeguard property or interests essential for the achievement of a peaceful coexistence in society interests. Also, he who violates an interest protected by law in order to save a more important one cannot act unlawfully . The unity of the legal system is present and is crucial in determining the existence of an illegal action: it is unthinkable that a certain law requires us to do something, and at the same time criminal law would deems punishable that same prescribed action. Under certain circumstances the act of protecting the health and life of a family member or partner, and the education of children, may require someone to undertake actions which are typical in principle. It would be illogical that the Penal Code punished a case of abandonment by the father or the mother, and simultanously a case of hospitalization without consent would be considered an offense against freedom, or that the Civil Code would force someone to raise his children, or if parents were punished with 4 to 6 years of imprisonment for illegal detention when they forbid children to leave their room. If the measure is necessary , proportionate and appropriate to the specific case, it would be a justified action

Dissecting the ΔI=1/2\Delta I= 1/2 rule at large NcN_c

We study the scaling of kaon decay amplitudes with the number of colours, $N_c$, in a theory with four degenerate flavours, $N_f=4$. In this scenario, two current-current operators, $Q^\pm$, mediate $\Delta S=1$ transitions, such as the two isospin amplitudes of non-leptonic kaon decays for $K\to (\pi\pi)_{I=0,2}$, $A_0$ and $A_2$. In particular, we concentrate on the simpler $K\to\pi$ amplitudes, $A^\pm$, mediated by these two operators. A diagrammatic analysis of the large-$N_c$ scaling of these observables is presented, which demonstrates the anticorrelation of the leading ${\mathcal O}(1/N_c)$ and ${\mathcal O}(N_f/N_c^2)$ corrections in both amplitudes. Using our new $N_f=4$ and previous quenched data, we confirm this expectation and show that these corrections are $naturally$ large and may be at the origin of the $\Delta I=1/2$ rule. The evidence for the latter is indirect, based on the matching of the amplitudes to their prediction in Chiral Perturbation Theory, from which the LO low-energy couplings of the chiral weak Hamiltonian, $g^\pm$, can be determined. A NLO estimate of the $K \to (\pi\pi)_{I=0,2}$ isospin amplitudes can then be derived, which is in good agreement with the experimental value.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. Minor change

La enseñanza de las matemáticas en la formación inicial de los maestros : dificultades y retos

Las Matemáticas, como materia troncal en el currículum de Magisterio, para la\ud mayor parte de las especialidades, presenta grandes dificultades en el plano de la\ud docencia, por los diferentes niveles de conocimientos y habilidades que poseen los\ud alumnos cuando llegan a la Escuela Universitaria. El presente artículo pretende hacer\ud unas reflexiones sobre aquellos aprendizajes que deben adquirir los futuros maestros,\ud tanto desde el punto de vista del contenido matemático como del contenido didáctico

Abastecimiento y comercialización de la carne en Córdoba a fines de la Edad Media

Este trabajo estudia del abastecimiento y consumo de carne en la Córdoba bajomedieval. Se analizan los sistemas empleados para garantizar la disponibilidad de este importante alimento; diversos aspectos relativos al matadero y a las carnicerías de la ciudad (orígenes, ubicación, propiedad, estructura física); así como todo lo relacionado con el funcionamiento de estas instalaciones y con el trabajo de los carniceros en el sacrificio de las reses y la venta de la carne. Por último se describen las medidas de control tomadas por el concejo para la venta de la carne (precios, condiciones de venta, fiscalidad).This work studies the supply and consume of meat in latemedieval Córdoba. It analyses systems used in order to guarantee the disponibility of this main food; some aspects related with the slaughter house and the urban butcheries (origins, emplacement, propriety, physical structure) and everything related with working in these locals and with the butchers’ activities, animals sacrifice and sale of meat. Finally, it describes the control means settled by the city hall for meat sale (prices, sale conditions, duties)

Interpolation of Non-abelian Lattice Gauge Fields

We propose a method for interpolating non-abelian lattice gauge fields to the continuum, or to a finer lattice, which satisfies the properties of (i) transverse continuity, (ii) (lattice) rotation and translation covariance, (iii) gauge covariance, (iv) locality. These are the properties required for use in our earlier proposal for non-perturbative formulation and simulation of chiral gauge theories.Comment: A few typos corrected, a reference and a clarifying comment added. To appear in Nuclear Physics B. 16 pages, LateX, 1 figure. This interpolation scheme is intended for use in our formulation of lattice chiral gauge theory, Nucl. Phys. B455 (1990) 287, hep-ph/950633

Design and analysis of a content-based image retrieval system

The automatic retrieval of images according to the similarity of their content is a challenging task with many application fields. In this book the automatic retrieval of images according to human spontaneous perception without further effort or knowledge is considered. A system is therefore designed and analyzed. Methods for the detection and extraction of regions and for the extraction and comparison of color, shape, and texture features are also investigated